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小学英语语法总结

1.人称代词

主格： I, we, you, she, he, it ,they

宾格： me, us, you, her, him, it, them

形容词性物主代词：my, our, your, her, his, its, their

名词性物主代词： mine, ours, yours ,hers ,his, its, theirs

2.形容词和副词的比较级

(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er

older, taller ,longer ,stronger， etc

(2) 多音节词前+more

more interesting， etc.

(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er

bigger, fatter， etc.

(4) 把y变i，再+er

heavier， earlier， etc.

(5) 不规则变化：

well-better， much/many-more， etc.

3.可数词的复数形式

大多数名词+ s ： a book –books

以辅音y结尾的名词， y变i加es： a story—stories

以 s， sh， ch 或 x 结尾的名词，加 es ：a glass—glasses; a watch-watches

以o 结尾的名词，加s 或es： a piano—pianos ;a mango—mangoes

以f 或 fe 结尾的名词，将f 或 fe 变为ves： a knife –knives ;a shelf-shelves

4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)

bread， rice， water ，juice etc.

5. 缩略形式

I’m = I am ;you’re = you are ;she’s = she is ;he’s = he is;

it’s = it is ;who’s =who is ;can’t =can not; isn’t=is not ，etc

6. a/an

a book， a peach

an egg， an hour

7. Preposition(介词)

表示方位：on， in ，in front of， between， next to， near， beside， at， behind

表示时间： at six o’clock， at Christmas， at breakfast，on Monday ，on 15th July ，

on National Day, in the evening, in December, in winter

8. 基数词和序数词

one – first; two-second ;twenty-twentieth

9. Some /any(一般情况下陈述句中用some;疑问句和否定句中用any)

I have some toys in my bedroom.

Do you have any brothers or sisters?

10. be 动词

(1) 基本形式： am/are/is

(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.

My eyes are(not) small.

My hair is(not) long.

(3)一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes， you are. No， you aren’t.

Are they American? Yes， they are. No， they aren’t.

Is the cat fat? Yes， it is. No， it isn’t.

11. there be 结构

肯定句： There is a (an)…

There are …

一般疑问句：Is there …? Yes， there is./ No， there isn’t.

Are there…? Yes， there are. /No， there aren’t.

否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….

12. 祈使句

Sit down please

Don’t sit down， please.

13. 现在进行时.(通常用“now”)

形式： be + 动词 的ing形式

eg： I am(not) doing my homework.

You/We/They are(not) reading.

He/She/It is(not) eating.

动词 —ing 的形式

大多数动词直接加ing： walk—walking

以 e结尾的动词，去e 加ing： come—coming (see除外，seeing)

以元音加辅音结尾的动词，双写后面的辅音，再加ing:run –running ; swim—swimming

14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually， often， every day， sometimes”。

肯定句：

I go to school on foot every day.

She usually goes to school on foot.

一般疑问句：

Do you jump high? Yes， I do. / No， I don’t.

Does he jump high? Yes， he does. / No， he doesn’t.

否定句：

We don’t go to school on Sundays.

My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

15. (情态)动词can，must， should 后面直接用动词原形。

eg：

1. I / He / She / They can sing.

2.You should keep quiet in the library.

16. 一般过去时态

(a) be 动词的过去式：

I/He/she/it was(not)….

You/we/they were….

一般疑问句was， were 放在句首。

(b) 动词过去式：

肯定句： I watched cartoons.

She visited the zoo.

一般疑问句： Did you read book last night? Yes， I did. No， I didn’t.

Did she clean the desk just now? Yes， she did. No， she didn’t.

否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday.

He didn’t make model ships last week.

(3)动词过去式的变化：

规则动词的变化：

大多数动词，直接加ed： eg. planted，watered，climbed

以e结尾的动词加d ：eg. liked

以辅音 y 结尾的动词，y变i，加ed ：eg ： study—studied

元音加辅音结尾的动词，双写辅音加ed: eg： stop –stopped

不规则动词的变化：

is/am—was，are—were，do—did，have/has—had，make—made，fly-flew/u：/

eat—ate，take—took，run—ran，sing—sang，drink—drank 等等